Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership

The intent of this survey is to research the ‘Model of Professional Enhancement and School Leadership in a Pakistani Context ‘ . This research will depict the effects of different signifier of professional development on instruction and acquisition in Karachi, public and private Primary Secondary schools, utilizing study methodological analysis. This chapter discusses, the design of the survey include a description of research hypothesis, instructor and decision maker population and samples, study instruments, instructor and decision maker treatment processs, independent variables, method used for aggregation and intervention of informations, and the statistical techniques used. 3.1 RESEARCH Design: This research involves a descriptive statistic research survey, researching the bing accomplishments, properties and behaviour. It describes the development of coordination analysis with the behaviour of the LPI and the relationship among the variables of school professional acquisition communities. Two study instruments, LPI and SPSLC were used for roll uping informations. During Aug and Sep 2006 a study entitled Leadership Practice Inventory ( LPI ) was structured for school principals, based on 30 separate statements, refers five of the patterns such as: Challenge the procedure, Inspire a Shared Vision, Model the Way, Enables others to Act, Encourage the Heart, in the account of the instrument. The statements were indiscriminately placed within the context of the Likert Scales are as follows: About Never, seldom, Seldom, Sometimes, Normally, Very Frequently and Almost Always. The ( SPSLC ) School Professional Staff as a Learning Community will supply, an apprehension of instructor ‘s brooding perceptual experience on professional acquisition influenced by leading pattern stock list. The statements depicting instructor ‘s perceptual experiences were coded utilizing 17 forms of five dimensions. SPSLC labeled as: dim 1a Autocratic Style, 1b Participatory Management, dim 2a Positive and Shared vision for staff, 2b Positive vision for scholar, 2c Positive Vision for Learning Process, dim 3a Collective Learning and Share Information, 3b Consideration and Learning Issues of Staff, 3c Teaching and Non Teaching Issues, 3d Improvement and Implementation of Learning Staff, 3e Assessment and Revision of Teaching Staff, dim 4a Vision and Observation of Classroom Teaching, 4b Class room Observation and Interaction of Learning Staff, dim 5a Agreement of clip for Staff Interacting, 5b School Condition and Capacity of Structure, 5c Staff ‘s Communication and Trust, 5d Positive Relationship Among Staff, 5e Isolated and Collaborative behaviour, stand foring each of the 17 forms from the SPSLC. 3.2 SAMPLE Population: The population of this survey comprised of 20 authorities and 20 private schools in Karachi. This was a group survey of instructors and principals practising in public and private schools of Karachi, metropolis territory authorities schools are include. These schools had a combined sum of about 80 principals and 80 instructors. The leading pattern stock list ( LPI ) was asked to finish the questionnaire to each take parting school principal as a ego perceiver for their establishment. The school professional staff as a acquisition community ( SPSLC ) questionnaire was filled by the take parting school instructors. 3.2 CENSUS INSTRUMENT ( a ) LEADERSHIP PRACTICE INVENTORY ( LPI ) : â€Å" The leading pattern stock list ( LPI ) has its beginning in a research undertaking Jim Kouzes and Barry Posner began in 1983 † . LPI is one of the most celebrated of the shelf instrument which is used universe broad by research worker researching the of import properties and behaviours of leading. The importance and significance of LPI can be judge easy by the fact that it has the use of more than one million people all over the universe since past two decennaries. The consequences which are driven from LPI have proven it, a dependable and valid instrument used to mensurate leading effectivity. Furthermore, the consequences have besides shown that leading accomplishments and behaviours can be easy understood and learned. An instrument is considered to be a good, if it possesses sound psychometric belongingss, the consequence should be dependable and valid. The cogency of an instrument can be judged by its truth of foretelling a public presentation. LPI has two cogencies i.e. menu and prognostic. Fare cogency shows that the consequences are significantly correlated with public presentation steps and can be usage to foretell effectivity of leading patterns easy. This instrument is comprised of 30 statements to measure, the five patterns of model leading model and the LPI contributed amply to our apprehension of the leading procedure and in the development and unleashing of leading capablenesss. The proof of LP can be judged by look intoing the tonss of LPI between high and low acting steps. This peculiar issue was examined by implementing favoritism analyses as categorization technique to find the consequence of LPI tonss on group directors which are classified under legion public presentation based cl asss. The public presentation classs of the directors on LPI observer leader ‘s effectiveness graduated table can be formed by puting the highest and the lowest tierce of the director in a sample population. ( B ) SCHOOL PROFESSIONAL STAFF AS A LEARNING COMMUNITY ( SPSLC ) â€Å" The school professional staff as a acquisition community ( SPSLC ) was developed by Dr. Shirley Hord ( 1997 ) of the south west Regional Educational Development Laboratory, in concurrence with the staff of the Appalachia Educational Laboratory. Originally designed as an assessment tool for a school that reinvented itself over several old ages, the SPSLC was created to â€Å" measure globally the adulthood of a schools professional staff as a acquisition community. † ( Mohan and Iestsky & A ; Sattes ; 997, p. 4 ) . The SPSLC will demo informations on the organisational image of the school territory from the place of the staff members. This information will be used in developing a coordination analysis with the behaviour of the LPI. Further more, it will supply an apprehension of instructor ‘s brooding perceptual experiences on professional acquisition as influenced by leading patterns. This questionnaire is dwelling of 17 forms grouped in to five major dimensions of professional acquisition communities. â€Å" The field-testing on the SPSLC was conducted by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory corroborating that the instrument was dependable in distinguishing modules of 20 one schools â€Å" in footings of their adulthood as learning communities. † ( Meehan or Iestysky & A ; Sattes, 1997, p. 4 ) . Observations and many treatments accent on the credence of every sort of, which is an of import feature of productive larning community to work towards betterment. Many other qualities required to cut down isolation among staff such as: trust and regard, supportive conditions, cooperation and coaction, increasing staff capacity, supplying a productive environment, sweetening of effectual communicating and shared personal patterns by decision makers and comparatively intensive socialisation procedures. Supportive conditions play a dynamic function to promote staff members, which are non interested with the undertaking given by the organisation or decision maker. 3.3 INFORMED Consent: Each principal and instructor who agreed to take portion in the research survey was provided with an informed consent signifier sing this research survey. The informed consent signifier described the intent of the survey, processs, possible hazards and expected benefits associated with this research. Further, participants were assured confidently of the research records. To the best of research worker ‘s cognition, the research activities involved with this survey posed no more psychological hazard of injury than participants would see in every twenty-four hours life. 3.4 DATA COLLECTION AND RESEARCH PROCEDURE: To comprehend the wide vision of professional development and the theoretical account of school leading in a Pakistani context, permission was granted to carry on study by Board of Advance Study and Research, University of Karachi. As the informations aggregation processs requires, census instrument to be filled by the instructors and school principals of assorted schools which are included in sample population. The population consists of 20 public and 20 private schools. Ten towns out of 20 were selected from Karachi metropolis including Gulshan town, Jamshed Town, Saddar Town, North Nazimabad Town, Shahfaisal Town, Liaqatabad Town, Gulberg Town, Lyari Town, Malir Town and Korangi Town. Out of these 10 towns, 40 schools were selected among which 20 schools belongs to the private sector and 20 were of authorities sector. Researcher visited each school to carry on the study as the informations were meant to be collected from learning staff and principals on an single footing, for that purpose some instructors demanded a limited clip span to supply sufficient feedback and some of them responded blink of an eye. An introductory missive, every bit good as a missive of informed consent, sing the nature of this survey had been showed to the principals, to take permission for the distribution of nose count instruments among learning staff. The missive of informed consent contained elaborate information about the research worker and the doctorial plan that was approving this research undertaking was besides presented by the research worker along with questionnaires to each principals. The overseers and principals who agreed to take part were asked to finish the Leadership Practice Inventory ( LPI ; Kouzes & A ; Posner 1997 ) and principal the school professional staff as a acquisition community ( SPSLC ) que stionnaire ( Hord, 1997 ) to all professional i.e. certified staff members assigned to their schools. Principals were asked to supply a missive of verification of their willingness to take part in the survey. The research explained the study instruments verbally and besides frontward a screen missive repeating the intent if the research and the exact informations aggregation procedure proposed along with a transcript of the instrument to each principal. The research worker sought permission to carry on research in each several school. Each high school take parting in this survey was coded as its consecutive Numberss. To continue namelessness, each school was coded with a figure. Information packages including the followers: A cover missive explicating the process and study disposal An informed consent signifier for finishing the school professional staff as larning community ( SPSLC ) questionnaire and the leading pattern stock list ( LPI ) questionnaire. The topics which were invited to take part in the study were learning at least one secondary and one primary degree class in a public and private school in Karachi that had grade constellations of Grade 1 to 5 and Grade 6 to 10. The participating schools were requested to return the studies within 10 yearss. Telephone calls were made to each take parting school to corroborate reception of the packages and to emphasize the timeline for return. While engagement was voluntary, staff members were promote for the engagement and support in order to supply a clear representation of their learning professional community. Principals were sent a transcript of each study instrument to be completed and returned under separate screen of the study instruments, each school returned the complete study instruments. After carefully reexamining and discoursing the study instruments during squad planning meetings one school territory selected elected non to take part in the research survey. A combined s um of 80 study instruments from respondents were returned by Feb 18, 2007. Participants were instructed to make full in their gender and school name on the questionnaire. Rather they will be offered drumhead informations bespeaking where their school was positioned for each dimension on the graduated table of a acquisition community. After the clip period of six months informations had been collected successfully which leads to the procedure of aggregation, choice and filtration of conducted information for the use of several statistical trials to obtained, cardinal findings and consequences of the survey from the sample population. 3.5 Restrictions: This survey is non without restrictions, the most obvious restriction is the little figure of schools that participated in the survey. The survey is besides limited in that the nature of the survey will non supply a full image of the grade of long term alteration that may happen in instructor ‘s brooding patterns. Another restriction is that instructor concerns, decision maker concerns, and professional development activities were step by self-report through the usage of a study based on instructor ‘s perceptual experiences and a record of professional development hours log provided the private and public schools of Karachi. This information aggregation carries with it the hazard that respondents are non wholly candidly in his or her responses. 3.6 Boundary lines: The population of this survey was delimited to a big Numberss of schools. Center of focal point in this survey is schools of Karachi. Schools of different metropoliss in all over the state were excluded. The clip span for completion of the questionnaire by participants was one hebdomad in order to analyze, the in depth observation of instructors easy, every bit good as to cut down the clip span during which alterations in sentiment sing principals behavior might happen. 3.7 Statistical Procedure: The information from the LPI and the SPSLC will be evaluated utilizing: descriptive statistics, including frequence distributions including mean, average, standard divergence and analysis of discrepancy for each school and matching superintendent informations. A individual with a 2-tailed non-directional trial will be used with the LPI profile informations and the SPSLC profile informations by utilizing Pearson ‘s correlativity coefficient ( i.e. , relationship between two or more variables ) across the dimensions of the leading manner of the school overseer and their several schools with the learning staff capableness to go a professional acquisition community. 3.8 RESEARCH Question: 1: How do school decision makers perceive their leading manner in the selected schools? This research inquiry was designed to qualify the leading manner of the school principal or overseer and his or her relationship with their staff. This inquiry was designed to qualify the leading manner of the overseer and principals of the sample schools. This information will be obtained from the overseer ‘s and principal ‘s completion of the LPI. Scoring and suggested contextual definition foe an appropriate leading manner is suggested by Kouzes & A ; Posner ( 1997 ) . 2: How do school instructors perceive their contemplation on professional acquisition? Using informations procured from the SPSLC completed and submitted by the take parting instructor ‘s of the schools, a information analysis was conducted to utilizing these variables with the SPSLC informations from each school. 3: How does teacher ‘s contemplation on professional acquisition differ by administrator leading manner? This inquiry intends to compare whether instructor ‘s contemplation on professional acquisition differ by schools with decision makers of different leading manner. 4: What are the relationship between decision maker ‘s leading manner and instructor ‘s contemplation on professional acquisition? This inquiry will be defined from the correlativity processs described utilizing the school overseers and school principal ‘s LPI information with the corresponding school ‘s SPSLC information. Table 3.4: Research Questions and the Descriptors and Dimensions used Research Questions Descriptive / Dimensions used How do school decision makers perceive their leading manner in the schools? Leadership Practices Inventory ( LPI ) Dimensions 1 – 5 How do school instructors perceive their contemplation on professional acquisition? School professional staff as a acquisition community ( SPSLC ) Dimensions 1 – 5 Forms 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d and 5e How does teacher ‘s contemplation on professional acquisition differ by decision maker ‘s leading manner? School professional staff as a acquisition community ( SPSLC ) dimension 1 – 5 Forms 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5e What are the relation ship between decision maker ‘s leading manner and instructor ‘s brooding perceptual experience on professional acquisition? Leadership Practice Inventory ( LP I ) Dimension 1 – 5 school professional staff ( SPSLC ) Dimension 1 – 5 Forms 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, and 5e 3.9 Summary: The intent of this survey is to measure the educational leading pattern that impact teacher ‘s contemplation on professional acquisition and the capablenesss of their school ‘s to go professional learning communities. Chapter III described the general research design and qualitative methods used in the survey. The school professional staff as a acquisition community ( SPSLC ) and leading Practice Inventory ( LPI ) study instruments were used to place schools as instance surveies were described in item. The site of this survey is 20 private and 20 public primary and secondary schools of Karachi. The questionnaire of LPI and SPSLC concerns instructor ‘s perceptual experiences about school staff and the principals as instructional leaders. LPI assessed the five major patterns exemplified by transformational leaders LPI 1-5 dimensions observed the qualities of principals. Each point of the 30 statements contained in the instrument was scored utilizing a seven-point Likert Scale. In this chapter we have discussed the cogency and dependability of LPI, sing different tabular arraies with their dimensions and forms to cognize how much LPI effectual as an instrument. On the other manus SPSLC continuously gives attending to five properties which are organisational agreements of school comprised of 17 forms and helps to alter school organisation into a acquisition community. It provides a powerful communicating to measure a relationship between instructors and principals. Calculated Dat a identifies the important relationship by utilizing Pearson ‘s coefficient correlativity. LPI and SPSLC will be evaluated descriptive statistics ( mean, average, standard divergence, analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) and determine average differences among LPI groups and relationship between two or more variables which are leading manner of the school principals and their professional staff ‘s part as a acquisition community.

Develop MPI Essay

First, in today’s global economy, many companies are vying for a presence in the global markets. There are several ways to gain entry into a foreign market but many questions must be answered first to make sure there is a return on investment or an exit strategy. In the Foley Company case, Joanne has to determine what are her Company strategies advantages and disadvantages of entering Brazilian market for soybeans harvesters: First, she has to determine whether the Company is considering a standalone entry or entry through alliances. This could be a pivotal point in their decision because on one hand the lack of experience with foreign manufacturing operations could prove to be costly in a standalone entry for example. But as Mr. Osborne point it out this is also a â€Å"too good to lose† market, so an equity-base method of entry through alliances seemed to be a none-starter for Foley Company. But eventually, Ms. Poe has other options to consider for entry strategies: Contract Manufacturing, Licensing, Franchising or Exporting. Contract Manufacturing Contract manufacturing has a flexibility element to it as an entry method as it can be used as an added value to other method of entry. This is a major advantage. Ms. Poe could recommend this option in conjunction with franchising for example. Contract Manufacturing would also give the Foley Company a new look at the market in Brazil because the company has not seen this aspect of business in Brazil. Here, the company could focus on R&D and other improvement to its machinery to gain competitive advantage. The advantages of this method of entry could be: low capital required, low risk, manageable exit strategy, easy to structure and direct the process. The disadvantages of this method could be: the Company could lose some control due to lack of international experience, difficult to account for the cultural and differences in quality of work and standards, locally accepted practices can be hard to gauge when selecting vendors of supplies of parts etc. can be a problem for a new entran t in the market especially when there is potential for major capital investment. Licensing Licensing method of entry for companies could be reinsuring for the Foley Company because the Company would be able to legally protect its assets  while in the process conducting market establishing its name in Brazil. But this is more to prepare the â€Å"field† by licensing its rights and expertize to local companies conduct to business on its behalf. The important elements here are protection by the local regulations. The advantages here could be: Less hurdles to enter in case of import complexities in Brazil, fast entry into the market, no capital upfront required to establish a presence. But the disadvantages could be: Decrease in sales (not fully engage yet), culture differences and interpretations, and more importantly, the licensee could collaborate with competitors or become competitors themselves which would complicate future deals in Brazil. Franchising By recommending franchising a method of entry, Ms. Poe could emphasize the fact in this case rapid expansion, where a franchise would maintain a business relationship with Foley Company which would grant it the right to distribute its soybeans harvesters using Foley’s brand in exchange for a fee. The creation of a network of owner operated dealers would increase its market share and expanded territories. Less advertising programs and costs, market penetration at high rate, brand equity. The disadvantage of this method of entry could be the cost of engaging locals by Foley Company and potential lack of connection between the company goals in US and it Brazilian counterpart might cause frictions because the local might not be fully vested into the â€Å"bigger picture†. My recommendation would be: Wholly Owned Subsidiaries: Like many Companies, The Foley Company could establish itself fully in Brazil. This would give the company ownership through wholly owned subsidiaries. This method would allow Foley Company to gain control over manufacturing operations and any profits centers completely without sharing with any potential partners. The drawback to this method of entry would be the high initial investment. There can’t be guarantees here because of other intangible like politics, social, economical facts can complicate matters sometimes. But in the long-run, this method of entry which can be done through Acquisition or Greenfield investment (building entirely new facility), would yield many advantages for the company, for example brand equity, increase its competitiveness in the market. With the right  synergies, the economic benefits, in my opinion would outweigh the costs while expanding the market. References http://www.coursesmart.com/SR/7071808/0077496191/331?__hdv=6.8 https://blackboard.neu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2239043_1%26url%3D Buckley, P.J., and Casson, M.C. 1998. Analyzing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending the Internationalization Approach. Journal of International Business Studies: 539-561.

Fashion Industry China: Csr Case

Fashion Industry China: CSR Case Subject Submission Date Class Team Members CSR cross-analyses on fashion Industry Tuesday 15, 2012 MBA Pudong – Corporate Social Responsibility Christiane Pagsisihan Damien Dandelot Jose Antonio Mallen Tendai Chitapi Vera Boisa Harbhajan Khalsa Executive Summary The research paper trough four main Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) issues (Children Labor, Working condition, Environmental impact and Environmental Sustainability) indicates several glaring trends within the fashion industry.First of all, there appears to be an overall evolution in the CSR practice and actives during the last decade in the fashion industry. Moreover, it seems evident that CSR is more and more considered as important issues in the fashion industries whatever the specification and the market are. Finally, after having make a close comparison between six fashion companies, it seems that if companies continue to develop its CSR actions in activities such as eco-fr iendly ingredient sourcing, fair pricing, eco-manufacturing, and efficient non-wasteful distribution, as well as corporate sponsorship, they will result competitive advantage.Indeed, with the implementation of CSR initiatives brands build a positive image and then are more able to counter criticism for other issues that may affect the company. Introduction Over the last decade, corporate social responsibility has moved to the forefront of consumers’ minds and has elicited numerous responses on the part of the fashion industry.It should not come as a surprise given that it encompasses the design, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, retailing, advertising, and promotion of all types of apparel (men’s, women’s, and children’s) from the most rarefied and expensive haute couture (literally, â€Å"high sewing†) and designer fashions to ordinary everyday clothing (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). Within the industry there are different kinds of activit ies, such as model agencies, creative agencies, media specialized in fashion (i. e. Fashion TV) and textiles etc.According to Market Line Report, Global Textiles, Apparel & Luxury Goods (2012), the global textiles, apparel and luxury goods market (men, women and children clothing, textiles, footwear and luxury goods) had total revenues of about $3 trillion in 2011, representing a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3. 7% for the period 2007-2011. The performance of the market is forecast to accelerate, with an anticipated CAGR of 4. 2% for the five-year period 2011-2016, which is expected to drive the market to a value of more $3. trillion by the end of 2016. Put simply, the fashion industry is a huge sector and thus deserves a closer examination as to the human rights and environmental impacts. Due to the fact that the industry encompasses a myriad of companies, we have selected six companies established in China (Table 1 and Exhibits 1 to 6). Indeed, in China, the textile and cl othing industry is the largest 1|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong manufacturing industry. There are about 24,000 enterprises that employ 8 million workers.In addition, China is the largest clothing producer in the world, and has the largest production capacity for textile mill products consisting of cotton and silk (Qiu, 2005). Table 1 – General description of the six companies selected (data from 2011) Company Inditex SA H&M Gap Inc. Levi's Hermes LVMH HQ Spain Sweden USA USA France France Market Mid to low income Mid to low income Mid to upper income Mid to upper income Higher income Higher income Total revenue (billion) $ 17. 53 $ 15. 1 $ 14. 55 $ 4. 8 $ 4. 8 $ 30. 08 Net Profit (billion) $ 2. 45 $ 2. 76 $ . 83 $ 0. 14 $ 1. 2 $ 3. 81 Number of Stores 5,527 2,325 3250 470 283 3095 Number of Markets 82 43 44 110 57 60 Number of Employees worldwide 109,512 59,440 132,000 17,000 8370 98,000 CSR issues relevant to the fashion industry Then, befor e moving on, the major CSR issues in the fashion industry are outlined below (Table 2). Indeed, this table aims to highlight the major issues that fashion industry must consider into practices. These table has been made according some information coming from diverse councils and web site, but with a primarily focus on the Nordic Fashion Association, Code ofConduct and Manual (2012). Table 2 – List and describe the CSR –related issues relevant to the industry CSR issues relevant to the fashion industry Description of the issue Human Rights Exploiting people for profit. This concern is widespread throughout the fashion industry worldwide. Freedom of association and the effective Ensure that workers participating in unions are not subject to discrimination recognition of the right to collective bargaining or punitive disciplinary actions. Forced Labor Trafficking and exploiting human beings for the purpose of monetary gain.Issues Child Labor Discrimination Working Conditi ons Wages, payroll records and deductions Labor contracts Environment Corruption and Bribery Ethical Animal Ethics Models Employing children under the legal age to work in factories, sweatshops or even in their own homes. Unfair treatment in favor or against a person based on their religious affiliation, skin color, nationality, gender, race, economic class etc. Forced labor. Extended work hours with little or no compensation. Occupational health and safety. Withholding pay and legal documentation. Refusing to negotiate with unions. Abuse of power and authority. Toxic waste.Heavy chemicals and dyes. Abuse of power by officials, corporate or otherwise, for illegitimate gain. Use of real animal fur or exotic animals. Animal abuse and testing. Refraining from the promotion of unattainable body ideals and unhealthy lifestyles. Note that due to the fact that the fashion industry requires extensive manual labor and the use of raw material and chemicals, the two most critical global issues according to the classification to the United Nations Global Compact (UNCG) are Human Rights and the Environment. However, these categories are still very broad; therefore, the analysis will be split into four sub-categories: ? Human Right: Child Labor, Working Conditions, Environmental: Impact and Sustainability. 2|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong The six companies are combined according to the filter: UN: Human Rights – Child Labor Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc. Levi’s H Hermes Main Action Supplier Code of Conduct Staff Sponsorship Supplier Protocol Based on Best Practices California Transparency in Supply Chains Act Terms of Engagement Supplier Protocol Control Supplier Code of Conduct Impact Effective abolition of child labor. Provide financing & education material.Develop projects for children End forced Child Labor/Human trafficking Sponsoring children to go to school Improvement of child labor conditions. Effective abolition of child labor. Provide financing and education material. Impact Train managers in â€Å"best practices†. Training and improvement of suppliers (safety protocols). 50 CSR specialists – End forced labor. Improve building and fire safety standards. Train suppliers in their own language – they know what to look for during factory audits. Reduction in Chemicals Train managers in â€Å"best practices†.Impact Reduction of CO2 emissions Reduction of CO2 emissions Guidelines for sustainable garment production Reduction of CO2 emissions Direct impact on the environment Control illegal activities of hunting. Genuine / Greenwashing On the way to be Genuine but still Greenwashing. Genuine Greenwashing Genuine Greenwashing On the way to be Genuine but still application of the policy is still Greenwashing. Genuine/ Greenwashing Elimination of forced labor. Freedom of association. Genuine Greenwashing Genuine Genuine Elimination of forced labor. Freedom of association.Gen uine/ Greenwashing Genuine Genuine Genuine Genuine Genuine Genuine Company Risk Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation – HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH UN: Human Rights – Work Conditions Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc. Levi’s H Hermes Main Action Human Resources Development Develop science and technology Code of Vendor Conduct Term of Engagement Improve working conditions. Human Resources Development Main Action Environmental Task Force Criteria of eco-efficiency Sustainable Apparel Coalition Forest Products Purchasing Policy Reduction of chemical use.Socially responsible supply channel. Company Risk Quality of product – HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation MEDIUM/ HIGH Reputation HIGH Quality of product – HIGH Company Risk Coherent reputation & image – HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Coherent reputation & image – HIGH Company Risk Coherent reputation & image à ¢â‚¬â€œ HIGH Reputation & Cost – HIGH Reputation – MEDIUM UN: Environment – Impact Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc. Levi’s H Hermes UN: Environment – Sustainability Company LVMH Inditex SA Gap Inc.Main Action Encourage biodiversity Staff Sponsorship Green initiatives. High EPA ranking. Impact Reforestation and social program Product lines that use 100% organic cotton Reduction of water use. Improve operational efficiencies in Chinese fabric mills. Genuine/ Greenwashing Genuine Genuine Genuine 3|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Levi’s H Hermes Robust vetting system for suppliers Transparent chemical policy Technological Development Ensures suppliers are in compliance with TOE Reduce water and energy in supply chains.Reduce environmental resources Genuine Genuine Genuine Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Reputation HIGH Ranking The following graphs illustrate how each company ranks in comparison with one another b ased on. But, before reading them, it should be taken into consideration that each company has different external environments and stakeholders which directly affect the CSR activities and strategies. Indeed, even though each of these companies is in the fashion industry, each has a distinctive market and set of requirements, such as boutique vs. massive distribution.Therefore, the rankings cannot be interpreted a prime facie. UNGC : Human Right – Children Labor High Impact of the CSR issue UNGC : Environment – Impact High Impact of the CSR issue Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High UNGC : Human Right – Working Conditions High Impact of the CSR issue UNGC : Environment – Sustainability High Impact of the CSR issue Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High Low Low Genuine/ Greenwashing High 4|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong From that it is possible to rank the six companies (Table 3).Indeed, accord ing to the four graphics above, there are evidences that some companies are working better in terms of CSR. For instance, it is possible to point out that the luxury brands are more involved in the CSR than the others. However, that make sense, because the margins are greater; therefore it easier to spend money on responsible business practices, but also because the reputation (quality and image) is a big issues (Bendell & Kleanthouse, 2007). In addition, it comes to the mind the fact that the mass-production companies, such as H and INDITEX, have to manage other problems that luxury brands do not have to deal with.However, Levi’s is historically founded on very strong ethical values and this is reflected in the daily practices. Indeed, Levi’s is consistently a leader in CSR and responsible business practices. Thus, as it was said above it is difficult to compare companies which deal everyday with different issues and market and public. Table 3 – Ranking of comp anies studied by Team 7 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 Company Levi’s Hermes LVMH Inditex SA H Gap Inc. Conclusion The research indicates several glaring trends within the fashion industry.First and foremost, there appears to be an overall CSR evolution that started with crisis management, moved into brand insurance and finally ended with the implementation of initiatives that build a positive brand. In many cases, scandals involving child labor, poor working conditions and/or crimes against the environment caused them to develop policies and guidelines that tell employees how to act and make decisions. A prima facie, the companies attempt to institutionalize CSR. In other words, the organization, employees and board of directions will align company goals and business strategies in accordance to higher CSR standards.In order to obtain external recognition for these efforts, many of the companies obtained accreditation with socially responsible authorizes, such as ISO 14001, EPA certificati on, FTSE and Dow Jones Sustainability Index. The companies put forward the idea that they are socially responsible and tend to publicize high numbers or percentages to tout their accomplishments. Yet, rarely do they provide information of the methodologies or absolute values that would place clearer, understandable quantitative values to the effects of their efforts.As a result, these numbers cannot be taken at face value. Thus, they are making a tremendous effort to be responsible mainly for marketing purposes as opposed to divine intention. Finally, without question, these fashion retailers hold a disproportionate amount of power and influence over the entire industry and therefore are put in a higher level of responsibility 5|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Exhibit 1 – H Company Christiane R. Pagsisihan H (Hennes ad Mauritz), a Swedish multinational clothes retailer, offers modern basics to high fashion apparel.Its objective is to deliver a never-ending stream of must-have pieces at affordable prices, comparable to other major retailers such as Uniqlo, Forever21, Topshop and Zara. The company works with a multitude of buyers, designers and suppliers to produce collections that are both up-to-date and with quality. Its recent expansion brought about opening 2700 stores worldwide in over 48 markets and employing over 94,000 people from all over the world. Its largest market is Germany, followed by the US, France and the UK. As of 2011, the company reached $15. billion worth of revenue, and 2. 50% revenue growth. (Yahoo Finance, 2012) In terms of H vision, its focus is â€Å"to be run in a way that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. By sustainable, we mean that the needs of both present and future generations must be fulfilled. † (H, 2012) Its CSR work is grounded on their desire for continuous improvement. As mentioned in their website, â€Å"We have a responsibility towards everyone who contributes to our success, including those who are not employees of H.That is why we work closely with our suppliers to develop sustainable social and environmental standards in the factories that manufacture H products. We have to ensure that our employees’ human rights are not violated, and the same applies to employees of our suppliers and other co-operation partners, and to our customers. † (H, 2012) Accordingly, H is also an active member of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), and is committed to align its strategies with the 10 universally accepted principles that the initiative stands for.Apart from UNGC, H is also a member of the Fair Labor Association (FLA), Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), and Fair Wage Network among many others. (H, 2012) With regard to how it addresses various industry issues, H is proactive in their approach in setting new standards to ensure that it’s aligned with its company’s vision. H came up with a 7 Susta inable Strategy framework, an approach to managing its business. The framework is composed of the following commitments: 1 – Provide fashion for conscious customers – Make products with an added sustainability value. – Choose and reward responsible partners – Work with partners who share our values 3 – Be ethical – Always act with integrity and respect 4 – Be climate smart – Be energy-efficient and inspire others to reduce total CO2 emissions. 5 – Reduce, reuse, and recycle – Aim for zero waste to landfill. 6 – Use natural resources responsibly – Conserve water, soil, air and species. 7 – Strengthen communities – Contribute to the development of the communities where we operate. *Taken from H website: (http://about. hm. com/content/hm/AboutSection/en/About/Sustainability/HMConscious/Strategy. tml) The framework the company came up with is not uncommon, however, the commitments it chose to value are the fundamental principles that any fashion retail company should consider. Despite H CSR efforts, it still encountered mishaps in the past, publicized by several articles by the media. Its main challenges consist of human rights and environmental issues. The company’s sustainability report mentioned that, â€Å"producing raw materials like cotton requires a lot of water and goes with concerns about chemical use and working conditions. † (H, 2011) 6|PageFashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Back in 2010, it was reported that H knowingly passed of genetically modified (GM) cotton – grown with synthetically agricultural chemicals- as organic cotton. (Vijayaraghavan, 2011) Another challenge that the company is aware of is its fabric processing issues. â€Å"Fabric production can require intensive use of chemicals, again raising concerns for the environment and for the health of the workers. † (H, 2012) In 2011, Greenpeace r eleased a report claiming that clothing from top brands including H were tainted with hazardous chemicals.H has also been attacked for sourcing its production in developing countries with poor labor standards. As mentioned in an article from Triodos, â€Å"Reports are published that include accusations of child labor, unhealthy working environments, and low wages at the factories supplying H. † (Triodos Bank, 2011) In spite these issues, H has been transparent about their sustainability strategy and as mentioned in an article, â€Å"is committed to working with its Chinese suppliers to reduce water, energy, and toxic-chemical use in its supply chains. (Vijayaraghavan, 2011) As highlighted in H Sustainability strategy, it continues to implement actions that help diminish the challenges that they’re currently facing. Listed below are some of the action plans the company implemented: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Make 100% of paper carrier bags from FSC Certified Paper. Reduce environmental impacts in cotton cultivation by using more sustainable cotton Help to lead the industry to zero discharge of hazardous chemicals Continue constantly to review and update chemical restrictions.Ban Fluorocarbons, Toluene from production Replace Solvent- Based Polyurethane with water based alternative. Promote the development of Harmonized Corporate water accounting and reporting Standards Promote reduced water consumption in garment production Monitor waste water quality at supplier factories Develop and implement environmental guidelines for the purchase of non-commercial goods. *Taken from H Sustainability Report – (H, 2011) Ultimately, H CSR efforts seem genuine; however, bad PR attacks its credibility.Although H had a couple of mishaps, staying true to their commitments, being conscious of where it sources its materials, and monitoring their production process would make a big difference. When faced with CSR challenges, the company should always go ba ck to its extensive sustainability strategy framework, and ensure that whatever it does as a company, that it should always stick to its commitments and vision. 7|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Exhibit 2 – LVMH: About Corporate Social Responsibility in China Introduction Damien DandelotRecent financial crisis and economic troubles do not affect sales of luxury brands. According to the Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study (Bain & Company's, 2012), luxury spending rose 8% to $US274 billion in 2011, with growth in the US, Europe and China (Holmes 2011). However, luxury brands, such as LVMH, have recently been a target for public criticism (Kapferer, 2012). Indeed, luxury goods are ‘criticized for being extravagant, overpriced, exploiting third world suppliers, and wasteful when many people are struggling financially’ (Waller & Hingorani, 2011, p. 1).Moreover, recently luxury sector has been in the middle of a under enormous scrutiny: reports have deeply criticized this industry for lagging behind (Bendell & Kleanthouse, 2007). Indeed, just by looking on the web, it easy to find idea such as: ‘sustainable and luxury are incompatible terms’. Thus, this exhibit will focus on the issues related to luxury brands and social responsibility, with a particular focus on LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy) -the world’s largest luxury goods conglomerate- in China and its practices in domain of Human Right (Children Labor and Safe working conditions) and Environment (Impact and Sustainability).China is for LVMH a target! According to Ma (2010), the number of Chinese’s luxury customers will rise to 250 million around 2015. In addition, between others, China is in the middle of the criticism about luxury development. Indeed, China constitutes a menace for the planet; critics point out the behavior of the richest whose consumption per capita is disproportionate (Kapferer, 2012). The company This study will examine the CSR activities run by LVMH, via, between other things, the analysis of its mid-2012 Financial Report and 2011 Annual Report.But first of all, let point out some information (Table 1). Table 1 – An overview of LVMH (Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton Company) Industry Founded Headquarters Products Brands Luxury goods, retail 1987 Paris, France Clothing, cosmetics, fashion accessories, jewelry, perfumes, spirits, watches and wines Wines and Spirits: The Glenmorangie Company Limited, Hennessy, Moet Hennessy UK, Moet Hennessy Asia Pacific, Moet Hennessy Diageo France, Veuve Clicquot, Moet & Chandon. Fashion and Leather Goods: Louis Vuitton, Fendi, Celine, Givenchy, Kenzo, Loewe.Perfumes and Cosmetics: LVMH Fragrance Brands, Guerlain, Perfumes Christian Dior. Watches and Jewellery: Chaumet, De Beers, Hublot, Tag Heuer. Selective Distribution: Le Bon Marche, Sephora, DFS. â‚ ¬23. 659 billion +16% from 2010 (29% of the revenue is from Asia, without Japan) â‚ ¬3. 465 billion Nearly 98,000 employees worldwide (about 64 % outside France) 3095 stores in total (641 in Asia, without Japan) in in over 60 countries Revenue 2011 Net Profit 2011 Employees Geography Company’s visionLVMH is quite clear on what is its risk according to its vision and then its value, goal or mission: ‘Like any human activity, the businesses of the LVMH Group have an impact on the environment. [†¦] The challenges faced by each business have been clearly identified’ (LVMH, 2011 p. 125). Indeed, in LVMH’s Annual Report (op. cit. ) we can find commitments such as: – Corporate mission: ‘A global vision dedicated to serving the needs of every customer. The successful marriage of cultures grounded in tradition and elegance with the most advanced marketing, industrial’ (op. cit, p. ). – Managing risk and non-compliance: ‘Some Maisons are bringing their sites into regulatory compliance, particularly those classified fo r environmental protection [†¦] LVMH requires its partners to subscribe to its Supplier Code of Conduct by virtue of which it reserves the right to conduct compliance audits at any time and without notice’ (op. cit, p. 125). – Organization and management techniques: ‘The main goal of the internal organization is to harness the commitment of all Group personnel and train them by offering resources best suited to their particular situation’ (op. it, p. 125). – Economic impact: ‘Since 2010 [LVMH] has lent its support to the ‘Conservation Cotton Initiative’ whose goal is to promote the cultivation of organic cotton in Africa and thus benefit the local clothing industry’ (op. cit, p. 129). – Environment: ‘46% of Group sites (excluding stores) were ISO 14001-certified and 27% of industrial, logistical or administrative sites (excluding stores) had been audited. [†¦] Particular focus was placed on environmen tal risk management. †¦] building construction, renovation and operation, the Maisons implement a number of different standards and certifications, such as HQE, BBC, BREEAM and LEED. [†¦] Following the completion of the Carbon Footprints and energy audits, the Maisons have implemented a number of initiatives’ (op. cit, p. 126-127). – A commitment to citizenship: ‘The first component of the LVMH corporate sponsorship program focuses on preserving artistic heritage. †¦] Children in elementary and high schools as well as art students benefit from educational programs designed and initiated by the Group to give them greater access to the best of culture, particularly in the areas of music and the visual arts [†¦]’ (op. cit. , p. 133). A prima facie, LVMH try to let converged its entire conglomerate together, by encourage its brands to follow the corporate’s goal and vision. Indeed, by promoting some values such as ecology, education, good practice labor, Human Right, medicine, etc. 8|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong round the world, and by signing some certification and others accreditations, such as the United Nations Global Compact (LVMH, 2006), LVMH impose at its brands some behaviors and conducts rules. LVMH a discrete proactive company Although there was a lot of descriptive information on the web and in different articles and in LVMH Annual Report (2011), there were very few specifics in terms of the financial figures pertaining to the implementation of CSR various initiatives. Indeed, for China only seven intra-/ extra-organizational activities have been found on Environmental and Human Right (Table 2).Table 2 – LVMH CSR Sustainable Development UNGC Children Labor and Safe working conditions Impact and Sustainability Children Labor and Safe working conditions Children Labor and Safe working conditions Impact and Sustainability Children Labor Sustainability Children Labor and Safe working conditions Medicine Activity Human Resources Staff Sponsorship Corporate inhouse initiative Encourage biodiversity Suppliers Code of Conduct Research Activity To improve the performance and the ‘Sustainable development’ consciousness of their leaders, LVMH organized 16 forums, for 400 managers representing more than 30 brands and 30 countries.The subject of these forums covers all CSR spectrums. LVMH has been sponsoring a group of middle school students from Sichuan since the 2008 earthquake through academic support provided by the employees and by financing educational materials, in order to fight against Children labor. LVMH discuss with its brands about matters concerning human rights, nondiscrimination and equality with their employees by means of posters, Intranet sites, inhouse media and in new employee guide booklets. LVMH is a partner in the Tianzi natural reserve (China) under a 10-year sponsorship agreement comprising eforestation, orchi d planting and a social program. LVMH defends the principles of the Global Compact: elimination of professional discrimination; freedom of association and effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; elimination of any form of forced labor; effective abolition of child labor. Pasteur Institute in China Thus, according to the table above, there are evidences of CSR framework on the top. For instance, the motto of the top management includes some CSR idea: renew, recycle, reduce, and review.And like many others, LVMH is auditing regularly in its carbon imprint (since 2004). In fact, according to Kapferer (2012) all luxury groups have already imply some structure (Environmental Task Forces, Charters, etc. ) that make CSR an inherent criterion in all top decisions. However, still according to Kapferer (2012), even if CSR is already, for all luxury groups (LVMH, PPR, etc. ), on the top of their agenda (since 2001), they have not publicized it: ‘Luxury has moved forw ard but does not talk much about it’ (op. cit. , n. d. ). LVMH between genuine and ‘green washing’ policyAccording to Bendell & Kleanthous (2007) when we measure company’s performance in social issues, the brands did not fare well. To link that to LVMH, Bendell & Kleanthouse (op. cit. ) measured 10 luxury brands on their Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance. The results are not very convincing. Indeed, by giving a score out of 100, and graded from A (the best) to F (the worst), out of the 10 companies, no one were graded more than a C+: L'Oreal topping the ranking, followed by Hermes and LVMH (followed by the same grade, but not the same score).In terms of practical issues there is an understandable paradox. Indeed, a 100% move to ethical trade (Children Labor and Safe working conditions and green concerns (Impact and Sustainability) today in the luxury sector would hurt the quality of their products (Bendell & Kleanthouse, 2007). However , all luxury groups have adopted some high CSR goal of becoming sustainable luxury models (op. cit. ). In this sense, LVMH policy does not go in the direction of ‘green washing’, but rather of a genuine incorporation of the CSR concerns into the whole value chain (sourcing, creating, manufacturing, logistics, istribution, marketing, servicing, waste and recycling). Nonetheless, even its effort and its strategy of integrate CSR on the top; LVMH is still between two lines; indeed, because the company must provide a self-expression which reflects class, status, and quality, the company cannot turn in green or ethic concerns tomorrow, but must to be ready to take the turn when this one will appear. Conclusion and Recommendations Because it seems clear that as luxury brands LVMH promotes itself to the worldwide audience, LVMH is increasing the extent to which CSR and sustainability issues feature in its business practices.Then by being more proactive in their civic responsib ilities and keeping within government regulations in its business operation, LVMH can build a reputation as a good corporate citizen. If LVMH can continue to develop its actions in activities such as eco-friendly ingredient sourcing, fair pricing, eco-manufacturing, and efficient non-wasteful distribution, as well as corporate sponsorship, the company will finally has a competitive advantage.Indeed, some CSR actions deeply thoughtful can, on one hand, help to promote a specific image that management would like to portray to its various stakeholders, and on the other hand, can also counter criticism for other issues that may affect the company. Thus, if LVMH will bear upon its providers and distributors to accelerate behavioral changes and align faster with CSR standards, it will play a leading role in the redefinition of the ‘modern hero’ (Kapferer, 2012). Indeed, the rich of tomorrow by its conspicuous choice of luxury brands will demonstrate not only their taste and w ealth but their sense of discernment and altruism.In other words, because luxury brands can lead the way by redefining the notion of quality and the luxury dream, more than individual, LVMH can differentiate itself from its competitors, but moreover, be sustainable in social, economic and ecological in term. 9|Page Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong Exhibit 3 – Inditex Company Jose Antonio Mallen Inditex is the largest fashion retailer in Spain and one of the world’s largest fashion retailers. Over 100 textile design, manufacturing and distribution companies form the group.The products are shown in eight different concept stores (Zara, Pull, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home and Uterque). Inditex has opened until this moment 5. 963 stores in 85 different markets. FISCAL YEAR Net Sale (million of euros) Net Profit (million of euros) N? of stores N? of markets Number of employees 2011 13,793 1,932 5,527 82 109,512 2010 12,527 1,732 5,044 77 100,138 11/10 10% 12% 483 5 9. 4% The Inditex financial year is from 1st February to 31st January of the following year Source: Inditex annual report 2011Inditex was the first Spanish company to sign on the United Nations Global Compact in 2001, and since 2010 is a member of the UN Global Compact Advisory Group on Supply Chain Sustainability. Besides sign on the United Nations Global Compact, Inditex works with two other institutions in order to develop its corporate social responsibility: The Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) and The International Textile Garments & Leather Workers Federation (INDITEX, 2012). Inditex is listed as well in the FTSE ranking the second within the retail supersector leaders (FTSE, 2012) and is included in the Dow Jones sustainability Index since 2002.As mention in its press dossier â€Å"Inditex views social and environmental variables as a strategic vector for its management system. Sustainable growth, which customers and society in gen eral increasingly demand, is a value we at the company share and apply to our supplier relationships†. The CSR strategy is apply and integrated in the business through the Internal Code of Conduct and the Code of Conduct for External Manufacturers and Suppliers, in the social area, and through the Environmental Strategic Plan in the environmental area.The open and honest relationship that Inditex maintain with its stakeholders is based in transparency management and its efforts in this area have received international recognition. (INDITEX, 2012) Labor and Human Rights (100% in Communication on Progress) Through the Code of Conduct, which is non-negotiable for all Inditex suppliers and manufacturers, is how the company guarantee acceptable working conditions for each one of the employees of Inditex manufacturers and suppliers. The company is visionary in this aspect and develops new programs in Brazil, India, Cambodia or Turkey, even when India only represents the 5% of its pr oduction.Child Labour: Inditex has a specific protocol for the prevention of child labour in its supply chain. This protocol is based on the best practices of the industry, but Inditex goes more deeply into other aspects that let it for example develop de Vidya project for the Indian children. Safety Conditions: In collaboration with scientific and technological institutions and companies, it has started up a programme of training support for its suppliers on specific and relevant aspects of the Inditex health and safety 10 | P a g e Fashion Industry China: CSR Case – Team 7 MBA Pudong protocols.It works directly with the suppliers to avoid the use of risky methods in the clothes manufacturing and providing them alternative methods. (INDITEX, 2012) Environment (94% in Communication on Progress) Inditex is always aware of the possible impact of its activities (design, manufacturing, distribution, retail) on biodiversity and the environment, encouraging compliance with environm ental regulations and looking for increase efficiency in resources consumption and reduction of environmental impact. Inditex implements these issues in the form of an environmental management system.The company is totally proactive in this aspect, leading the industry and signing on different organizations and projects that support environmental issues. Proof of this, is that in 2011 Inditex supports two of the international organizations that are most representative in boosting policies of environmental and natural resource management: Better Cotton Initiative and The CEO Water Mandate (included in the global compact initiative) Impact: The major impact that Inditex create in the environment is through its activities of distribution and retail.They addressed this topics through concrete actions like open all its new stores with a criteria of eco-efficiency (483 stores with this concepts in 2011) or setting the objective of reduce the emissions from logistical activity by 20% by 20 20. Usually, almost all the CSR actions have an immediate or future economic benefit for the company. In this particular case, although looks like a genuine action, the opening of new eco-efficiency stores involves a decrease in the costs of power and water in these stores. For this reason is difficult to know the final reasons (CSR or profit) of the company.Sustainability: The natural resources and water spend to manufacture Inditex’s products is one of its main concerns. Several chains of the group have developed specific 100% organic cotton collections. In the same direction, Inditex is using tencel, a fibre which is manufactured from eucalyptus wood and which is totally biodegradable. What the company communicates through different sources (annual report, press release, etc. ) about its CSR efforts in sustainability is quite close respect to what external sources show.I have not found any issue related with a CSR wrong management. Moreover, the company is usually listed i n the top of sustainability rankings. In my opinion their efforts in CSR are genuine, because not only was one of the first Spanish companies adopting social and environmental responsibility into their strategy but also because as they say in their annual report: â€Å"Inditex maintains a continuous dialogue with its stakeholders in order to identify the issues that most interest or concern them† (INDITEX, 2012).It is difficult to improve the company’s CSR performance. They were developing a CSR strategy for a long time; they have tools and resources to manage the different CSR issues that affect them, in a positive or negative way, and a very proactive way approaching CSR. These are the main reasons because I think that Inditex is a leader and should be an example to others companies within the industry. Probably this could be the next step in its CSR strategy, showing to their competitors the best way to approach CSR strategy in their companies. 11 | P a g e

Discuss the high cost of the death penalty and how life with out Term Paper

Discuss the high cost of the death penalty and how life with out paroll would be better - Term Paper Example akers to replace it with life imprisonment without parole, as it costs less and has more lasting and influential effects on overall societies and communities. Death penalty is actually â€Å"an economic drain on governments with already badly depleted budgets† (NYT, 2009). The process of death penalty becomes complicated and costly as soon as the person is convicted and ordered to be executed by the court. An appeal is forwarded as soon as the execution is ordered. And if that appeal is refused on any basis, a series of appeals starts to different courts until the appeal is accepted at district level or federal level, usually depending upon the financial background of the convicted. In Texas only, one out of every four death penalties is reversed through appeals. In New jersey, a quarter billion dollars have been spent on the death penalties yet not a single person was executed since 1983. The extensive trials, heightened official evaluation and costly appeal procedures of serious offences such as murder not only derails the whole system of justice but also delays it when even the case is very obvious. In fact â€Å"the longer dea th row inmates remain in that legal limbo, the more expensive they become† (Hess, 2011). McCartin, a former jurist from California, who convicted nine men to death penalty, now opposes this law. Of the nine men he convicted, only one died, that too of a heart attack (msnbc, 2009). The time and money spent on only one convicted person of death penalty can be spent on a number of prisoners of same category if they are convicted to life time imprisonment without parole. Life imprisonment is not only cheaper but it also provides instant justice not only to the criminal but also to the victim’s family. And the ultimate burden of these trials is put on the tax payers i.e. the common man who struggles hard to earn his livelihood, but has to pay a huge amount in the name of taxes which is spent on these time and money wasting trials. In

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Telomeres and Tumors - Research Paper Example At one time, the DNA at the ends of chromosomes seemed to be static. Yet in most organisms that have been studied, the tips, called telomeres, are actually ever changing; they shorten and lengthen repeatedly† (Glieder and Blackburn). Since the past fifteen years, there have been remarkable findings, with respect to this change. Getting to the specifics, it has led to the discovery of theastonishing enzyme, telomerase that acts on telomeres and is considered a pre requisite for the maintenance of cancer in human being. Geneticists, Barbara McClintock, of University of Missouri at Columbia, and Hermann J. Muller, from the University of Edinburgh, are credited with having done extensive work on the intricate subjects of telomeres and telomerase. These scientists workedunconnectedly and with dissimilar organisms, however both of them realized that chromosomes were stabilized by a special component on their ends. â€Å"Muller coined the term telomere, from the Greek for end (telos) and part (meros). McClintock noted that without these end caps, chromosomes stick to one another, undergo structural changes and misbehave in other ways. These activities threaten the survival and faithful replication of chromosomes and, consequently, of the cells housing them.† (Glieder and Blackburn). ... â€Å"The observed heterogeneity led Blackburn, who had moved to the University of California at Berkeley, Jack W. Szostak of Harvard University and Janis Shampay of Berkeley to propose a new solution to what has been called the end-replication problem† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"In 1972 James D. Watson, working at both Harvard and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, noted that DNA polymerases, the enzymes that replicate DNA, could not copy linear chromosomes all the way to the tip. Hence, the replication machinery had to leave a small region at the end (a piece of the telomere) un-copied.† (Glieder and Blackburn). Theoretically, if the cells were unable to reimburse for this fluke, chromosomes would decrease in their respective lengths, with each level of mitosis. The corrosion henceforth eradicating the telomeres and perilous genes in some group of the cells. The variations in the length of telomere, for the scientists, were an indicator that cells uphold telomeres at a constant size, or at least they try to. The telomeres decrease in length during mitosis, but their length also increases as freshly formed subunits attach themselves to them. â€Å"The researchers suspected that the source of these additional repeats was some undiscovered enzyme capable of a trick that standard DNA polymerases could not perform.† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"When cells replicate their chromosomes, which consist of two strands of DNA twisted around each other, they begin by separating the double helix. The polymerases use each of these parentstrands as a template for constructing a new partner. The special enzyme the workers envisioned would be able to build extensions to single strands of DNA from scratch, without benefit of an existing DNA template.† (Glieder

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The Use of Urinary Catheters in the Nursing Field - Annotated Bibliography Example The article provides substantial statistics on the annual estimate of patients who end up being subjected to catheters. Its objective is to evaluate the prevalence and appropriateness of the use of catheters in the region. The article is fundamental because of its ability to examine the measures that should be considered before application of unnecessary catheters to patients. The context also outlines some of the challenges that are associated with the use of these devices. NHS Choices provides readers substantial content on the reasons why catheters are used. The various types of catheters, their risks as well as giving a well-detailed explanation of how patients can learn to live adequately with such conditions.T he articles’ ability to be all inclusive of the necessary knowledge on catheters makes it stand out. The kind of content in it is of a high quality hence I chose to use it to construct a source point out of it. From this abstract, the author is revealing the fact that in health care facilities, a urinary catheter is the most common infection that is caused by the attribution of the indwelling urinary catheter. The period that is taken by the catheterization determines the significant development of the biofilm. In acute healthcare facilities, more than 50 percent of patients that are taken care of in a prolonged term is found to have acquired the bacteria. The writer suggested that this infection will reduce if the use of an indwelling catheter and if it has to be used, it has to be in a technical way. According to the abstract, it highlights that male catheterization is a skilled procedure that needs an experienced expert.

Apush Outline Essay Example for Free

Apush Outline Essay The Bonds of Empire, 1660-1750 o Rebellion and War, 1660-1713 ? Before Restoration (1660), England made little attempt to weld colonies ? Royal Centralization, 1660-1688 †¢ Restoration monarchs disliked representative government †¢ Charles II rarely called parliament into session after 1674, and none after 1681 †¢ James II wanted to rule as absolute monarch o Meant he would never face an elected legislation †¢ These 2 kings had little sympathy for Am.   RI, and Plymouth into Dominion of New Eng. o 1688= NY and the Jerseys came in o Sir Edmund Andros became governor of Dominion of New Eng. ? The Glorious Revolution in England and America, 1688-1689 †¢ Charles II converted to Catholicism on deathbed †¢ Eng. olerated James’ conversion to Catholicism b/c his heirs (Mary and Anne) were Anglican †¢ Bloodless revolution of 1688=Glorious revolution o Created limited monarchy in Eng. ? Promised to summon parliament once a yr. , sign all its bills, and respect traditional civil liberties o William and Mary (now king and queen of eng. after they overthrew James) dismantled Dominion of New Eng. o NY rebelled with Leisler’s Rebellion ? The Enlightenment †¢ In 1750 the Enlightenment’s greatest contributions to Am. life still lay in the future. A quarter-century later, Anglo-Am. drew on the enlightenment’s revolutionary ideas as they declared their independence from Britain and created the foundations of a new nation †¢ It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition and the need for major reforms. The Enlightenment was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. ? The Great Awakening †¢ In New England, the Great Awakening was influential among many Congregationalists †¢ In the Middle and Southern colonies, the Awakening was influential among Presbyterians and other dissenting Protestants. †¢ A time of increased religious activity. The revival began with Jonathan Edwards, a well-educated theologian and Congregationalist minister from Northampton, Massachusetts, who came from Puritan and Calvinist roots, but emphasized the importance and power of immediate, personal religious experience. †¢ Edwards’ sermons were powerful and attracted a large following. o Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, is his most famous sermon. †¢ The Methodist preacher George Whitefield, visiting from England, continued the movement, traveling across the colonies and preaching in a more dramatic and emotional style, accepting everyone into his audiences.

Forms Of Communication Within The Workplace English Language Essay

Forms Of Communication Within The Workplace English Language Essay Introduction People who are in work tend to focus on the success of the exchange . They show compassion, awareness and concern for others, they use good listening skills, is their own concern and need to know. These people are open and approachable, the support of others. Communication is any behavior, verbal or nonverbal, perceived by another. Knowledge, feelings or thoughts to encode and send and receive at least one person, by at least one other decoder. This message means that the receiver to the interpretation of the message. Communication between the people to establish a connection. Let us understand ourselves and communicate with the world around us, to share experiences with others, to persuade and influence others, to relax and enjoy. Forms of communication Each channel of communication are requires skills to the form of communication and that is used to send the message. The communication is classified into the three forms . Three forms are verbal communication either spoken or written , nonverbal and graphic . The communication skills is in the spoken , written , nonverbal and graphic communication are all important in the workplace . These forms of communication send messages through various channels. Verbal communication can take the forms of spoken words between two or more than one person , or written words in written communication . Nonverbal communication is send by any means other than words or graphics . Nonverbal communication occur in oral , write and graphic communication , and in oral communication these include facial expression , body movement , posture and dress . Format and layout are written and graphical components of nonverbal communication. Graphic communication represents ideas , relationship or connections visual ly with shapes , diagrams and lines . The graphic communication can have both of verbal and nonverbal components for example some of the no smoking signs displayed in the public places . The public place like restaurant , shopping mall and so on . The ability to communicate is learn by gaining skills from others and from experience . As the experience widens ,.new learning take place . The style of communication individuals and organisations develops through using and adapting new techniques. Anyone who will believes they can control the communication process is unaware that the communication is an intricate , interactive process . An interactions of several elements affect the people communicating . You can do a great deal to influence the communication process but you cannot control someone elses perception , outlook , values and attitudes. The each of these affects way communication will received . The communication process The process of the communication is the dynamic and the interactive . The process like someone sends or receives and in the between these is a message . The information flows ,people place meaning and the structure on the variety of the messages received from another . And the process of communication takes place in various situations for different reasons with the potential for many interpretations . It have seven main elements in the process of the communication . The seven main elements of the communication process are sender , message , receiver , feedback , channel , context or setting and interference or noise . There are many models of the communication process . The diagrams presented in the chapter are representations of how communication works . And it should be stressed that they cannot be a complete guide or they take the most significant elements of the process communication and place these in a useful sequence . The communication occurs , the sender and the receiver int eract by sending (encoding)and receiving(decoding)messages. The sender The sender are individuals who react to the situations from unique vantage point and interpreting ideas and filtering experiences through their own perception. The unique to the individual senders and integral to all the communication they engage in , it is a background of accumulated attitudes ,experiences , skills , cultural conditioning and individual differences that influences how they communicate . And the sender encodes some idea or the feeling in the words or the signs that the receiver will recognize and transmits this message to the receiver . ( MESSAGE ) SENDER RECEIVER Self-concept Self-concept Family Family Culture Culture Skills Skills Feelings Feelings Attitudes Attitudes Valuesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Values ( FEEDBACK ) Message The messages is the idea to feeling transmitted from the sender to the receiver to achieve understanding each another . The message is make a connection between to sender and the receiver . The receiver The receiver decodes or the interprets the message to achieve understanding . The receiver is acting as an individual from the unique vantage point , interpreting the idea according to the particular personal perception of the messages . The perception is the result of the receivers unique background of the experience , belief , concerns and other factors . Perception is a significant influence on communication and it is useful to look closely at it . It is a way people understanding or give a meaning to their environment . The perception and interpretation of the same message various according to how each individuals perception is influence by the experience , attitudes , and belief and a range of the acquired skills or the expectations . The example is one person will perceive the colour blue as cool , peaceful and comfortable while other person may see the blue clour like old fashion or formal . That meaning is influence by past experience . Even the context or the setting of the communication affects if the perception . It can be compare with a pair of spectacles , through which the process all the signals received from others . The glasses place a particular focus on what we see , understand , hear and influence way we react to the message .Particular colour and focus of the message are affected by the pair of glasses worn . Expectation self-concept experience Feelings perception attitudes and Value Family culture communication skillà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Feedback These is a constant feeling back of the information as people interact . Like encouraging the speaker to continue , listeners respond in the way that to show their comprehension and the acceptance or non-acceptance of the message. It is an important part of the successful interpersonal communication and the receivers response to the senders message , and can be intentional or unintentional . Feedback is gives the communication continuity , indicates understanding or misunderstanding of the message and the stimulates further communication or discussion . Both of sender and receiver need to feedback . Feedback can help or hinder your communication and climax you created . At workplace most people communicate are face to face with their leader or the manager or the supervisors , so the ability is to provide appropriate feedback can be assit the development of good working relationship and the productivity of the business . Communication channel It mean the technique use to signal or convey a message . The example like a conversation , television program , radio or telephone call . The information technology provides a fast channel of the communication that is become more wisely available and easier to use than in the past and it also used to store , send , receive and present information . All the organization have internal channel of communication and the external channels . Channel tv , telephone speaking , pc writing Sender receiver Self-concept message Self-concept Family Family Culture interference Culture Skills Skills Feelings Feelings Attitudes feedback Attitudes Value Value Context environment , status , time Context It is consists of the situation , circumstances or the setting within which communication take place . The context is playing an important part in how the message is encoded and decode . Same message can have a complete different meaning depend on the situation , since the emotions and reactions to the ideas and events vary in different situations. The example communication at a conference , in the lunchroom , formal meeting or in the office is take place in different settings . It may use different language , authority and relationship to achieve the different communication purpose in each of the situation . Interference or noise The message received is not necessarily the same as the message sent . Another than the intended message is received because noise , or the interference , interrupts the intended message . Send a message by electronic mail to a person who is afraid of the technology and unable to access to the computer screen and communication barrier will occur because the channel is inappropriate in the case . Write a memo or business letter to a person and the message is not easily to be understand and accept . Conclusion If either one of the communication process is fail , the whole process of communication will not be successful . INTRODUCTION As the Product Manager of soon-to-be-launched product  ¼Ã…’I will choose the Lexus CT 200h to be my product . Why I choose this Lexus CT 200h as my product because Lexus CT 200h is currently one of the best in its class. With advanced stability alongside a quiet operation and seamless acceleration, the CT provides a smoothness that reflects the superior control of the Lexus Hybrid Drive. And you can drive in comfortable . It front and rear shock absorbers to provide additional performance improvements. They absorb the vibrations generated in the process, while increasing the drive for an immersive driving chassis rigidity . It Is a full hybrid engine, the 1.8-liter VVT-i petrol engine and electric motor, in a combined output of 134 horsepower and 33 km / liter fuel consumption to ensure a smooth ride the results of an environmental protection. The second reason this Lexus CT 200h is safety because it is equipped with an advanced bodyshell, enhanced with compact front suspension (MacPherson Strut) and double wishbone rear suspension. Various stiffening and bracing are strategically placed to strengthen the overall chassis. This provides the dynamic, yet smooth, agile performance of the CT 200h. The Intelligent Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) system, challenging corners to make room for more security. Early detection of wheel slip through the turn, and to help adjust to control the engine power and applying appropriate power to each wheel brake it, and can prevent potential accidents from occurring. Even in adverse road conditions, you can always control your Lexus CT self-confidence. Traction Control (TRC) of track slip systems to ensure tire always maintain maximum traction, so you can easily boot in mud or slippery roads, and Truth and Reconciliation Commission to keep at bay potential dangers. The third reason is the for the big family because this CT 200h can sit until seven or eight person in the car . Why I say that because it is really for the big family . When you and your wife and son or daughter want to go out for picnic ,you no need to sat dense . ANSWER There will be no gasoline only versions of the car, which will only use gasoline-electric system, mated to provide a 1.8 liter four-cylinder engine a strong electric motor and nickel-metal hydride battery pack. Power split continuously variable transmission to the front wheels. Part of the electricity and natural gas output and the output of individual composite system is still unknown, but the presence of its 1.8-liter, we were a bit worried. This is the fourth in the Prius, which makes 98 horsepower and contribute to the overall system output of 134 horsepower size of the cylinder. The CT200h colt will have to produce more than to provide the promised dynamic driving experience, and the challenge of providing reliable, CT of the competition, including the Audi A3 and BMW 1 Series. Therefore, what we want at least 187 horsepower in the vicinity of the North American HS250h stirred cars, one of the 147-horsepower, 2.4-liter engine is 105 kW (141 horsepower) electric motor to mate. There are four drivers in the CT200h driving mode selection to choose from: normal, ecology, electric vehicles, and sports. In normal mode, the car can use the battery-specific power up to 28 miles an hour, while the electric car mode to force car battery power is only 1.2 miles t o rely on an extension. Switch to eco-cars throttle response and optimized passive climate control system to save more fuel, and exercise patterns to tighten the steering wheel, throttle aggressive UPS, and reduce the threshold of stability control . They have many ways to promote my product . They are website , e-mail , newspaper , ratio , television program , flyer and so on . If I use the website and the e-mail to promote my product LEXUS CT 200h , the messages will send to the customers and they will know that about this car model LEXUS CT200h .Besides that any customer is interest about this car LEXUS CT 200h , you can order from website or you want to know the information about this car LEXUS CT 200h also can search our website . If I use the newspaper to promote my product , it can help to attract to customer . The newspaper also can let the customer know about the information and know where are the location are sales this car . The customers also can cut the map and find the location immediately . If I use the ratio to promote my product , it can help me to promote the product to the customer know it . If the customer is interested , he or she will listen carefully about the information the car LEXUS CT 200h . If I use th e television program to promote the LEXUS CT 200h , they will watch the television program when the television program are advertise . The last once is use the flyer to promote the product LEXUS CT 200h , the customers will immediately to see the information about the car and call the hotline to know the information clearly . But I will choose the flyer to promote my product LEXUS CT 200h . Why I choose the flyer to promote my product because the flyer is very cheap and the customer will immediately see the flyer what is it want to convey to him or her . The flyer is a cost-effective way to get your message to the masses and basically a full-page ads, you release your potential customers directly. Flyer printing is a small advertising budget to get off the ground with a good choice for new business, it is a company founded for those who want to directly communicate with potential customers a good choice. Full color flyers are particularly effective because they catch peoples eyes, to attract people to your message. The purpose is to sell a flyer. Remember, your message needs to have a purpose, that is not just your name released to the public. You need to make sure you communicate your product or service in the public interest, not just facts about your company. People want to know you or your product can do for them. The flyer can bring a lot of advantage to my product because it will attract a lot of the customers come here to order my product. The advantage is it can make majority customers come here to see the car LEXUS CT 200h . The flyer make the sale rate getting high and it makes our product name becoming famous . The customers are believe our car LEXUS CT 200h quality is greater once .

Visiting Bangalore- Silicon Valley of India

Visiting Bangalore- Silicon Valley of India Bangalore- Silicon Valley of India Namaskara (Greetings in Kannada) Once referred to as the Garden City of India, this huge metropolitan city has a wonderful vibrancy of both the contemporary and old world. It is one of the largest cities in the country and is home to the IT industry, hence the name Silicon Valley of India. The city has been recently renamed as Bengaluru and is well known for its numerous pubs, vast lakes and beautiful gardens. The gardens have been however on the diminishing side in the last decade or so. Situated at a height of 3000 feet above sea level, Bangalore is blessed with a magnificent climate and has been surveyed as one of the most liveable cities in the country. Bangalore is a huge cosmopolitan city and has a wonderful cultural blend making it one of the most eclectic cities in India. Best season to visit Bangalore- Bangalore has a tropical savanna climate and experiences moderate climatic conditions all through the year due to its elevation above sea level. The summer months from March to May are warm and the winter months from November to January are quite cool and nice. Monsoons hit the city in the months from June to August and are not very incessant. Tourists can visit Bangalore all year around due to these moderate climatic conditions. Highlights (Things to do and experience in Bangalore) Stroll along Brigade road in the evening and watch the world go by. Go beer tasting at any of the many Bangalore pubs and micro breweries. Revel in the electric nightlife of Bangalore. Soak in the sereneness that the lovely Lalbagh and Cubbon parks offer. Lalbagh also conducts flower shows every year. Walk along Ulsoor Lake, Sankey Tank or any of the many lake bodies spread across the city. Enjoy live concerts that happen frequently at the Palace grounds. Many popular national and international bands perform in Bangalore. Enjoy a traditional play at Rangashankara. There are numerous theatre groups that perform every weekend in the city. Enjoy a walking tour and get to know more about the city’s history. There are numerous walking tours such as Victorian Bangalore walk, Lalbagh walk, etc. run by companies such as Unhurried and Bangalore Walks. Visit the many fairs and shows that the city hosts. The popular ones are Peanut fair, Aero show, Sunday soul santà ©, etc. Bring out the adventurer in you at Wonder La, a popular water theme park. Be a part of the numerous short treks from Bangalore organized by a host of adventure companies. The popular treks are to Savandurga, Skandagiri, Antaragange and Makalidurga. Rock climbing is popular in Ramnagara, a short drive away from Bangalore. Watch a cricket match at the Chinnaswamy stadium. Indian premier league matches are held in the months of April and May. Taste the delicious traditional south Indian food at any of the darshinis spread across the city. Enjoy a day at the creative and interactive Innovative film city which has a host of activities and shows for its visitors. Indulge in the water sport facilities at Lumbini Park. Hotspots (Things to see in Bangalore) South Bangalore- Bannerghatta National Park This National Park offers a safari where one can spot numerous animals and is quite popular with tourists. There is also a zoo which has many caged animals. A butterfly conservatory near the park is another attraction. Lalbagh Botanical Garden This magnificent huge botanical garden houses innumerable plant species and many 100 year old trees. Additionally, it also has a deer park, an aquarium and a lake. The glass house and rose garden are quite popular. Flower shows are conducted every year at Lalbagh. Do not miss the opportunity to grab a snack and a cup of coffee at the nearby MTR restaurant, one of the iconic places to eat in Bangalore. Gavipuram Gangadeshwara Temple – Take the lord’s blessings at the oldest temple in Bangalore. At more than 800 years old, this temple is located in the temple district of Bangalore. Bull Temple This is one of the most popular and visited temples in Bangalore and has a granite monolithic Nandi as its shrine. The temple ground also hosts the popular annual peanut festival. North Bangalore Bangalore Palace This palace is the residence of the Wodeyar royal family. It has a beautiful exterior and is modelled on the Windsor Castle. A portion of it is open to the public and displays a wonderful collection of art. Karnataka Chitrakala Parishat It is one of the renowned art schools and museums in the country. It has a wide display of art works and also has an impressive alumnus. Frequent art fests are conducted here. East Bangalore Aerospace museum This is India’s first aerospace museum and has a wide display of aeronautical photographs, aircraft models and gives detailed information about the history of India’s aerospace. West Bangalore ISKCON Temple Run by the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, this temple has very attractive interiors and also sells numerous temple paraphernalia and artifacts. Central Bangalore Holy Trinity Church This 19th century church is built in English renaissance style and is a landmark building in the heart of the city. Vidhana Soudha Vidhan Soudha houses the state legislature and is a landmark building in the city. It has some wonderful exteriors and is built in Neo- Dravidian style. However, entry is not permitted. Rangoli Metro Art centre This small but wonderful gallery is the newest addition to Bangalore’s art galleries. Situated near the Metro station on M.G. Road, this art centre has a nice display of art work by various artists. St. Mary’s Basilica Built in gothic style with stained glass; this basilica has a wonderful external facade and attracts numerous devotees. Tipu Sultan’s Palace This wonderful palace of Tipu Sultan is adorned with nice architecture and frescoes. There is also a fort, a temple and a mosque in its surroundings. Vishweshwaraya museum This interactive industrial and technological museum is quite popular with both children and adults, and is well recommended while in Bangalore. Venkattappa Art gallery and museum It is one of the oldest museums in the country and has a wide display of art works, sculptures, Tanjore paintings and artifacts. It also has displays of antiques from the Mohenjedaro and Harappa civilization. National Gallery of Modern Art This wonderful museum has an impressive display of contemporary art and is a must visit for all art lovers. Jawaharlal Nehru Planetarium This planetarium has wonderful visuals, is informative and would be a great visit for children. Neighbourhood- Devanahalli fort This fort is the birth place of Tipu Sultan and is located ahead of the international airport. It has a fort wall, a few temples and a village that lives inside it. Channapatna Channapatna is well known for its wooden toys, and one can also see the artisans in work. Make sure to buy a few of their wonderful creations. Nandi Hills It has been one of the favoured getaway destinations for a very long time for the residents of Bangalore. The hills offer a panoramic view, has temple on top, a stepped well and a rest house. It is quite windy and cool on top, and that brings a lot of visitors to this nice little hill fort. Shopping in Bangalore Bangalore has numerous shopping avenues and these include the modern shopping malls and also the shopping streets which have been ever popular for years. Shopping Malls Bangalore has numerous shopping malls with many branded outlets, department stores, cafes, pubs, restaurants and cinema theatres. The popular ones are Forum mall, Garuda mall, Orion mall, UB City, Phoenix market city and Bangalore central. Brigade Road Brigade road has been well known as a shopping/ walking street for decades. Lined with shops, pubs and cafes on either sides, this is one of the most preferred shopping areas of the residents. If you are keen on artifacts, there are a couple of good options such as Kaveri emporium on M.G.Road, which runs perpendicular to Brigade road. Commercial street This is the place to head to if you are not keen on branded items. With a huge line of shops, the street offers a wide range of options to choose from. Indira Nagar 100 feet road and CMH road in Indira Nagar has numerous brand outlets and is one of the best shopping areas in Bangalore. Koramangala With a host of stores, Koramanagala has numerous shopping avenues. It also has many huge branded outlets. Malleshwaram Sampige Road and Gandhi Bazaar in Basavanagudi – You should head to either of these places if you are looking for a traditional shopping experience. How to reach Bangalore With both international and domestic terminals, Kempegowda International airport, Bangalore is the best means to reach the city as it connects to all the major Indian cities and a host of cities across the world. Many international airlines connect Bangalore with Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Kuala Lumpur, Paris, Singapore, London, Bangkok, Colombo, Frankfurt and many other cities across the world. Pre- paid taxis and BMTC Volvo buses are easily available to take you to the central part of the city. The major railway station is Bangalore city station which is located opposite the Majestic bus stand (the main bus station). There are other railway stations at Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore Cantonment and Krishnarajapuram. Trains connect Bangalore to various big and small cities across the country. There are long distance buses, both private and government ones that ply to and from cities such as Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Mumbai, Cochin, Thiruvananthapuram, Coimbatore, etc. The major bus stations are at M ajestic and KR Market. The city is well connected by highways and driving into Bangalore is also well recommended. How to get around Bangalore- By Metro Metro is new to Bangalore and has limited connectivity. However, it is the fastest mode of transport between the CBD area, Malleshwaram and Indira Nagar. By Bus Buses are easily available and connects to all areas of Bangalore. There are many Volvo buses run by BMTC which are comfortable to commute. By Autorickshaws Autorickshaws or tuk tuks can be hailed on the streets and are easily available. Make sure to run the meters beforehand. Pre-paid autorickshaws are available at Bangalore city railway station. By Car One can also drive around in a self-drive car; though be prepared to handle Bangalore’s slow traffic. By Taxi Taxis can be booked in advance and is the best option if one needs to go to the outskirts of the city. Top areas of Bangalore Indira Nagar This is one of the major commercial and shopping areas with numerous brand outlets, restaurants and pubs. A section of it is upscale residential area. Koramangala Koramangala is well known for its wonderful restaurants, cafes and pubs. This is another upscale area and houses many commercial buildings including the Forum, the city’s best shopping mall. MG Road M.G.Road and its perpendicular Brigade road form the crux of the CBD area. With numerous shops, brand outlets, office spaces, hotels, restaurants, cafes and pubs, this is the biggest commercial area in Bangalore. Residency road It is one of the major areas in Bangalore with numerous commercial buildings, hotels and pubs. Ulsoor Ulsoor is one of the premium areas of the city with many office spaces, hotels and residential houses. The very popular Ulsoor Lake is located here. Marathahalli With numerous shopping avenues, restaurants, cinema theatres and commercial buildings, Marathahalli is one of the top areas of Bangalore Whitefield In addition to the numerous information technology companies that are located here, there are also shopping malls, restaurants and numerous hotels in Whitefield. It is also a top residential area. Jayanagar Jayanagar is one of the premium residential areas of Bangalore and also has numerous shopping and dining options. Old Airport Road This area is well known for its commercial buildings and luxury hotels. Gandhinagar Located closer to the railway station and major bus station, Gandhinagar has numerous commercial buildings and hotels. Dhanyavadhagalu (Thank you in Kannada)